Article 16(3) of the MDR and IVDR sets out the requirements for the quality management systems (QMS) that distributors and importers must have in place. These requirements apply when they carry out specific relabelling and repackaging activities for devices that have already been placed on the market. Article 16(4) mandates that these entities obtain certification from a Notified Body to verify that their QMS meets the regulatory requirements defined in Article 16(3) and further detailed in MDCG 2021-23.